波纹表面接触土壤颗粒动态响应仿真分析

为揭示波纹表面的降阻机制,以蚯蚓体表为研究对象,应用离散单元法对接触土壤颗粒动态响应进行仿真分析.仿真得出:波纹表面接触的土壤颗粒运动过程微观可分为“分散—团聚—分散”3个阶段,宏观表现为土壤与波纹试样之间形成孔隙;波纹表面接触颗粒的X向位移与试样的前进方向一致,呈线性增加,平均位移为60.33 mm,Y向速度随着波纹表面的凹凸起伏呈正弦变化、产生微震,且大于光滑表面接触颗粒振幅,波纹表面接触颗粒和波纹的接触位置直接决定受力的大小和方向.分析表明:波纹表面接触颗粒的运动幅度和频率大于光滑表面,颗粒产生微震,且波纹表面与土壤间存在孔隙,从而使得接触面积减小、阻力降低.     

四冲程汽油机缸内斜轴涡流研究

利用双特征角气道稳流试验台,对一款二气门四冲程单缸试验机的3种不同进气道方案进行了不同测试平面的气流运动试验和分析.结果表明,提高原气道涡流强度来改善燃烧的同时会降低气道的流通能力,但适度提高滚流强度的同时还可以提高流通能力.利用测得的无因次涡流比和滚流比,提出了一个简便的斜轴涡流特征参数计算公式,并通过试验数据给予了有效性证明.另外对特征角α=60°时的无因次涡流比和利用涡流与滚流合成的无因次斜轴涡流比进行了线性回归分析,3种方案数据的相关系数分别是0.96、0.97、0.97,因此,通过稳流气道试验台测取某一特征角度下的无因次涡流比可以评价进气道斜轴涡流的性能.     

基于椭球函数的棉花叶倾角分布动态模

根据试验资料,在系统分析棉花冠层叶倾角时空分布规律的基础上,将整个生育期分为4个生长阶段,并利用高斯五点距离法将冠层分为5层,用椭球分布函数模拟不同生育阶段、不同高度层上的叶倾角分布密度.模型能较全面地反映整个生育期冠层不同高度上的叶倾角分布情况,且方便用于分层的光合作用模型.利用不同播期的试验资料对模型进行验证,叶倾角频率分布的模拟结果与1:1直线之间的决定系数R2和均方根误差(RMSE)分别为0.945和6.3%,表明模型具有较好的预测性和实用性.     

基于有限元的盘式制动器耦合场研究

盘式摩擦制动器在汽车上有着广泛的应用。但该制动器在制动过程中因制动器温度的急剧上升,将使制动性能降低,甚至有可能导致制动器失效,因此制动器温度和应力分布对制动器的寿命及制动性能有着重大影响。本文采用有限元方法对制动器的耦合场进行了分析研究,耦合分析结果表明:在制动开始阶段,制动器迅速升温,高温区集中在制动器摩擦面表层,最高温度达195℃;制动过程结束后,整个制动器有一段较长时间的降温过程;制动器的最大热应力-时间曲线变化规律不一致,但均满足材料强度要求。     

超高分子量聚乙烯渔网线捻回角与强力的初探

本文叙述了采用 8种网线复捻捻回角的超高分子量聚乙烯渔网线强力性能的试验结果。经分析可见 ,网线的断裂强力、单线结强力均与捻回角的余弦呈回归关系。以网线的断裂强力性能为主 ,兼顾网线的单线结强力、断裂伸长率等性能参数 ,比较UHMWPE、普通聚乙烯和聚酰胺三种纤维制成网线后 ,它们的强力利用率均应 >6 5 % ,由此得出制作超高分子量聚乙烯渔网线合理的捻回角区间为 18°～ 2 1°     

驱动圆盘犁的研究与设计

驱动圆盘犁对土堡侧面和底部的土壤进行旋转滑切,将土垡底部的土壤由沟底撕裂开形成土垡,并利用圆盘的旋转将土垡抬升并翻转.为此,以研究驱动圆盘犁为目标,分析了驱动圆盘犁各几何参数和工作参数对其工作过程的影响,为驱动圆盘犁的研制提供了可靠的理论依据.通过理论分析,阐明了驱动圆盘犁的运动学特性,推导了残耕高度的计算公式.     

乳粉喷流性及影响因素的探讨

通过对乳粉颗粒观察及对其喷流性的研究,测定代表流动性的自然坡度角（θr）、压缩率（Cp）、凝集度（Ch）、代表喷流性的崩溃角（θf）、差角（θd）、分散度（Ds）,讨论各种性能对乳粉的影响因素.     

Mapping Ridolfia segetum patches in sunflower crop using remote sensing

Ridolfia segetum is a frequent umbelliferous weed in sunflower crops in the Mediterranean basin. Field and remote sensing research was conducted in 2003 and 2004 over two naturally infested fields to determine the potential of multispectral imagery for discrimination and mapping of R. segetum patches in sunflower crops. The efficiency of the four wavebands blue (B), green (G), red (R) and near‐infrared (NIR), selected vegetation indices and the spectral angle mapper (SAM) classification method were studied using aerial photographs taken in the late vegetative (mid‐May), flowering (mid‐June) and senescence (mid‐July) crop growth stages. Discrimination efficiency of R. segetum patches in sunflower crops is consistently affected by their phenological stages, in this order: flowering > senescence > vegetative. In both fields, R. segetum patches were efficiently discriminated in mid‐June, corresponding to the flowering phase, by using the waveband G, the ratio R/B or SAM with overall accuracies ranging from 85% to 98%. The application of the median‐filtering algorithm to any of the classified images improved the accuracy. Our results suggest that mapping R. segetum weed patches in sunflower to implement site‐specific weed management techniques is feasible with aerial photography when images are taken from 8 to 10 weeks before harvesting.     

Cytokinin and gibberellin delay regreening of spathe tissue of Zantedeschia ‘Best Gold’

Spathe regreening is a primary determinant limiting the postharvest quality for most hybrids of Zantedeschia, e.g. ‘Best Gold’, wherein the spathe commences regreening approximately two days after it is fully open. To identify an effective method to postpone the regreening, several synthetic plant hormones were evaluated for their influence on changes in color during regreening of discs excised from the spathe of ‘Best Gold’. The tested synthetic plant hormones included 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), zeatin, N₁-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N₃-phenylurea (CPPU) and GA₃ at concentrations up to 0.1 mM. A concentration of BAP at 0.5 mM resulted in phytotoxicity symptoms on discs. Subsequently, the effect of a combination of BAP and GA₃ on the regreening was examined. Application of the cytokinins (in particular BAP at 0.1 mM) or GA₃ alone resulted in a one to five day delay in regreening on the spathe tissue. The most effective treatment in delaying regreening was from the simultaneous application of GA₃ and BAP in a ratio of 1:1 (v:v) at 0.1 mM, wherein regreening was delayed for more than ten days. This treatment was then tested on the entire inflorescence, resulting in a delay in regreening for between seven and eight days.     

绞盘机用多滚子凸轮超越离合器设计理论研究

本文结合我国引进ＣＡＴ５１８绞盘机设计理论的消化，讨论了多滚子凸轮超越离合器的楔紧条件，在其基础上给出了绞盘机用多滚子凸轮超越离合器最大扭矩传递能力的具体计算方法和凸轮轮廓结构参数的确定方法。